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220 Archivum Lithuanicum 2

title the words integrity in Europe should be replaced by integration into Euro-

pe which seems to be the subject of the paper.

The author of the second article, The first Lithuanian book and the period of

formation of the new culture trait-complex (pp.31-57) Ingë Lukðaitë examines the

cultural context of printing in Lithuania. Possibly only persons with a feeling for

contemporary English style will find the title of the third article, The road of the

book to Lithuania (pp.59-99) awkward. In this article Edvardas Gudavièius dis-

cusses the writing and printing of books in Lithuania and notes that Lithuanian

books were in the minority among books published in l6th century Lithuania.

Americans are notorious for their inability to distinguish transitive and intransitive

verbs, but still the following sentence (p.63) will evoke at least a smile from most

Americans: [...] it [i.e., published booksW.R.S] increased the amount of know-

ledge received by the elite strata and rose [sic!] its level [...] As Gertrude Stein

wrote: A rose is a rose is a rose, but this one should have been raised. On p.66

we read: The earliest arengas of acts, adopted from Polish formulars, define good

deeds as an action rewarded by God. I had never heard the English word arenga

before so I looked it up in Websters Third International Dictionary where I found the

single definition (p.116): a genus of tropical Asiatic and Malaysian palms having

pendent spadices and berrylike fruits. In the Lithuanian Academy Dictionary (LKÞ

I 297) the closest to arenga was arendà rent. I could not find arenga either in Lewis

and Shorts A Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1975). I doubt that the author of the article

had in mind Asiatic and Malaysian palms. From the sentence it seems that the

author intended some kind of document, but exactly what kind of document is

unclear to me.

For me Zigmas Zinkevièius article, Linguistic sources of Martynas Maþvydas

writings, and manuscript texts before Maþvydas (pp.101-123) seems, for some

reason or other, to be in somewhat better English and therefore easier to under-

stand. Of course, I am familiar with Zinkevièius views from other sources and this

may have aided in understanding his views on the origin of Maþvydas language

and the other sources for the origin of Lithuanian writing.

Albinas Jovaiðas article, Martynas Maþvydas catechetical activities (pp.125-

139) discusses Maþvydas work as a teacher of the catechism, but Jovaiðas also

notes that Maþvydas served not only God, but the native word, i.e., the Lithua-

nian nation (p.139). In her article Martynas Maþvydas Catechism: Tradition and

signs of a new consciousness (pp.141-157) Dainora Pociûtë-Abukevièienë writes

(p.143) that the early Lithuanian and Protestant works of literature were not copies

of analogous Western books, but where rather oriented towards solutions of cul-

ture-specific problems.

Juozas Karaciejus in his article, The first book and its addressee (pp.159-172)

discusses again the vexed question of the month of publication of Maþvydas

Catechism and concludes (p.164): [...] it is possible to draw the conclusion that the

printing of Maþvydas Catechism, which was finished late in 1547, was started

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Cavaliere PS31 User Manual Page 220